CVTs (Continuously Variable Transmissions) are found in most modern vehicles and are designed to increase fuel economy and provide a seamless driving experience.
However, even CVTs can have problems that may degrade the performance and reliability of a vehicle.
This article will discuss the common problems with CVT transmissions, how to diagnose them, and what can be done to ensure your CVT transmission keeps running well over time.
Article Summary
Understanding the Basics of CVT Transmission
Unlike traditional automatics, a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) uses a pulley system rather than a series of gears.
This enables continuous transitions between an infinite number of gear ratio combinations, which is, in theory, more fuel-efficient and offers smoother acceleration.
You see this automatic transmission in many Nissans, Toyotas, Hondas and Subarus. Conversely, CVTs have specific problems that can occur within their complicated mechanics and heavy dependence on electronic components.
Common CVT Transmission Problems
Some common CVT transmission problems are:
Overheating Transmission
Overheating will be the most common issue. Because of their ever changing gear ratios, CVTs can produce more heat than normal transmissions.
Overheating can occur when driving in extreme heat for long periods or under extreme stress, such as when towing heavy loads.
So if a CVT gets hot enough, it will enter so-called “limp mode, ” which restricts engine power to prevent additional damage.
Slipping And Shuddering
Typical CVT troubles consist of slipping and shuddering, particularly when speeding up. The only downside to the CVT is that it has difficulties keeping on the pulleys when its belt or chain begins to wear out.
Such wear will also create a distinct shudder or jerk during acceleration, and it can sometimes lead the transmission to “slip,” which is when the RPMs jump up with little to no accompanying speed.
Premature Wear And Tear
That drive uses a metal belt or chain to transfer power between pulleys. Eventually, this belt gets worn down or breaks, causing performance problems.
Also, as most CVTs are sealed units, they are more difficult to repair than conventional transmissions. If the belt or chain fails prematurely, it can spell costly repairs for owners.
Transmission Fluid Breaks Down
The CVT is not self-sustaining like a traditional auto transmission; it interacts with the other components differently and requires special transmission fluid at certain levels, or disaster ensues.
This hydraulic fluid can break down, especially if the car or truck has seen excessive heat and/or stress applied to the transmission.
If old CVT fluids are neglected, it may lead to a lack of holding capacity, resulting in poor performance or overheating and, if it gets worse, cause complete transmission failure.
Electronic Component Failure
In CVTs, gear ratios are adjusted in real time through electronic control systems. These electronic devices can fail due to heat, vibration, or manufacturing processes.
Suppose an electronic control module or sensor fails. In that case, the transmission can act erratically and/or go into “limp mode” to protect itself from damage, resulting in a loss of function and potentially expensive repairs.
Signs of CVT Transmission Problems
Recognizing the signs of CVT trouble is critical in avoiding expensive repairs. Below are a few red flags:
- Unusual Noises: If your CVT starts whining, humming, or clunking, the belt or chain may be worn out.
- Delayed Acceleration: If there is a pause or hesitation when you press the accelerator, it could indicate slipping or difficulty finding the right gear ratio
- Warning Lights: A CVT issue may trigger the car’s transmission or check engine light.
- Low Fuel Economy: CVTs are ideally suited to get the most out of every drop, and if your gas mileage dips suddenly, it could be a sign there’s trouble ahead.
- Overheating: CVT overheats, so you experience limited engine power or “limp mode.”
How To Fix Problems with CVT Transmission?
The cost of repairing a CVT transmission can differ according to the specific issue, but here is how you might fix some common problems with a CVT:
1. Overheating Transmission
Check the CVT fluid level because low or old fluid can cause it to overheat. Over time, a CVT fluid will pass its sell-by date. Simply check the level you have used and consider replacing it with only the specified type for your vehicle.
If you live in a hot climate or are stop-and-go heavy, consider an external transmission cooler to help keep the heat down.
Refraining from hauling heavy loads can overheat the transmission. Avoid hauling heavy loads, as it stresses the transmission more, eventually leading to overheating.
2. Slipping And Shuddering
If the CVT belt or chain in the CVT becomes worn, it may slip or shudder. If you have not recently replaced the CVT fluid, do so since old or degraded fluid can cause slipping.
If a fluid change does not help, you must consider taking it in to get the belt or chain checked out, as the worn component usually needs replacing.
3. Premature Wear of CVT Belt or Chain
Regular fluid maintenance will increase the life of CVT belts and chains. If this comes out, the system is already worn, and you may need a new belt or chain.
Some CVT systems are sealed, however, so they may not be fixable and need to be replaced ideally by a trusted mechanical shop.
4. Transmission Fluid Degradation
Check CVT fluid regularly and replace it when needed, as suggested by your vehicle manufacturer.
CVTs work on a specific fluid, so ensure you use the right type. It will do wonders for your transmission, and just FYI, standard auto trans fluid can ruin a CVT.
If the fluid is very degraded, you may need to perform a full transmission fluid flush before further problems develop.
5. Electronic Component Failure
CVTs use sensors and electronic control modules to vary the gear ratios. However, if this happens intermittently or the transmission goes out into its “limp mode,” there is likely an electronic failure.
Read specific error codes with a diagnostic scanner, as they point to potential sensor failures or control module malfunctions.
Usually, if an electronics part malfunctions, it should be replaced, preferably by an authorised technician.
6. Other General Tips For Maintaining a CVT Transmission
- Drive Conservatively: Don’t accelerate hard or speed drive. This adds more stress to the CVT unit.
- Schedule Routine Maintenance: Follow your vehicle manufacturer’s recommendations to keep the transmission fluid clean and at the proper levels.
- Preventive Cooling Measures: An external cooler can keep the transmission alive for a long time.
CVTs are complicated pieces of technology and, as such, often require special tools and knowledge to effectively repair, so if you’re not experienced in working with transmissions, it’s always best to seek out a certified mechanic when dealing with these issues.
Is Repair or Replacement Worth It?
CVTs can also be expensive to fix, particularly when the internal pieces have gone wrong, like a belt or electronic components.
Some CVTs can be sealed units, however, so getting them rebuilt and/or repaired is practically impossible, and they’d need to be fully replaced. In severe CVT problems, replacement may be the only long-term solution for many drivers.
If your vehicle is old, has high mileage, and/or isn’t in great shape, it may be a good idea to consider whether the repair cost makes sense compared to replacing it altogether.
FAQS on Problems with CVT Transmission
What is a CVT Transmission And How Does It Work?
Unlike most automatic transmissions that rely on discrete gears, CVTs use a pair of variable-diameter pulleys connected by a metal belt to theoretically provide an infinite number of ratios. This design increases fuel efficiency while allowing for a smoother ride.
Why Does My CVT Transmission Overheat?
Due to the constant movement and variable gear ratios, CVTs can generate more heat than automatics, resulting in overheating. If this happens for an extended period, particularly in hot weather or low-load situations, overheating can cause the vehicle to enter “limp mode” to protect the transmission.
What Are the Most Common Problems with CVT Transmissions?
While hard to pinpoint, some of the more frequent symptoms of CVT problems include overheating, slipping or shuddering, premature wear on internal components, transmission fluid degradation and failure of electronic components. These problems can hinder performance and usually need dedicated repair.
How Can I Tell If My CVT Transmission Is Failing?
CVT issues manifest as strange sounds (whining or humming), slippage on acceleration, illuminated transmission warning light, falling fuel economy and overheating. If you hear these signs, you must get your ride looked at.
Are CVT Transmission Repairs Expensive?
CVT repairs can be expensive due to their complexity and often sealed nature. Repairing such problems can be costly, with prices to replace worn belts or electronic devices brand new costing you thousands of dollars and replacing the whole transmission in difficult situations. Regular maintenance is one way to decrease the risk of larger repairs.
Final Thoughts
Although CVTs provide unique efficiency and smoothness benefits, their complexity can make them susceptible to certain problems.
By being aware of potential concerns and eliminating potential issues in advance, you can preserve the life and functionality of your CVT transmission.
Routine maintenance, like fluid changes and lookovers, can help prevent problems and ensure that your CVT is working properly.
